Big Bang: The Formation of the Universe

In 1927, Georges Lemaitre proposed the Big Bang Theory.  Big Bang Theory is a scientific framework that explains the expansion of the universe from a densely packed and hot starting point. The universe originated from a singular point that was extremely hot and dense. This point rapidly expanded and stretched, initially at unimaginable rates and then at a more measurable rate, over a period of 13.7 billion years. As a result, we now have the continuously expanding universe that we are familiar with today. Current technological limitations prevent scientists from directly observing the creation of the universe. Therefore, our understanding of the Big Bang mostly relies on mathematical calculations and simulations. Astronomers are able to observe the reverberation of the expansion via a phenomena called the cosmic microwave background.

Approximately 13.7 billion years ago, all matter in the universe was compressed into an extremely small singularity, characterized by limitless density and heat. Suddenly, a rapid and forceful expansion commenced, causing our universe to rapidly expand outward at a velocity exceeding that of light. This was a brief moment of cosmic inflation that lasted for approximately 10^-32 second. After that event, when the temperature of everything was still extremely high, at approximately 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit an extensive flood of matter and radiation, referred to as reheating, commenced the process of building our universe with celestial objects such as stars and galaxies. The universe now contained an extensive amount of elementary particles, including neutrons, electrons, and protons, which served as the main building blocks for the formation of stars and galaxies.

At this moment, the unbound electrons would have caused light (photons) to scatter in the same way sunlight scatters from water droplets in clouds. Over time, the free electrons bonded with atomic nuclei, resulting in the formation of neutral atoms or atoms with balanced positive and negative electric charges.

After a period of about 380,000 years after the event of the Big Bang, light was finally able to glow. The term used to refer to this light is the cosmic microwave background.

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Bimal Kumar Dora